在自动操纵，远程操作或物理人类机器人相互作用期间，四足动物的操纵器在与外部力量打交道时必须合规。本文提出了一个全身控制器，该控制器允许实施笛卡尔阻抗控制，以协调跟踪性能以及对机器人基础和操纵器组的理想合规性。控制器是通过使用二次编程（QP）的优化问题制定的，以对系统施加所需的行为，同时满足摩擦锥限制，单方面力量约束，关节和扭矩限制。提出的策略将平台的手臂和底座取代，从而实施了线性双质量弹簧阻尼器系统的行为，并允许独立调整其惯性，刚度和阻尼特性。使用配备了7-DOF操纵器组的90kg HYQ机器人通过广泛的模拟研究来验证控制架构。仿真结果表明，当在手臂的最终效用器上应用外力时，阻抗渲染性能。该论文介绍了完整姿势条件（地面上的所有腿）的结果，并且首次显示阻抗渲染如何受动态步态过程中接触条件的影响。
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使机器人能够靠近人类工作，需要一个控制框架，该框架不仅包括用于自主和协调的交互的多感官信息，而且还具有感知的任务计划，以确保适应性和灵活的协作行为。在这项研究中，提出了一种直观的任务堆叠（ISOT）制剂，通过考虑人臂姿势和任务进展来定义机器人的动作。该框架以visuo-tactive信息增强，以有效地了解协作环境，直观地在计划的子任务之间切换。来自深度摄像机的视觉反馈监视并估计物体的姿势和人臂姿势，而触觉数据提供勘探技能以检测和维持所需的触点以避免物体滑动。为了评估由人类和人机合作伙伴执行的所提出的框架，装配和拆卸任务的性能，有效性和可用性，使用不同的评估指标进行考虑和分析，方法适应，掌握校正，任务协调延迟，累积姿势偏差，以及任务重复性。
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Majorana示威者是一项领先的实验，寻找具有高纯净锗探测器（HPGE）的中性s中性双β衰变。机器学习提供了一种最大化这些检测器提供的信息量的新方法，但是与传统分析相比，数据驱动的性质使其不可解释。一项可解释性研究揭示了机器的决策逻辑，使我们能够从机器中学习以反馈传统分析。在这项工作中，我们介绍了Majorana演示者数据的第一个机器学习分析。这也是对任何锗探测器实验的第一个可解释的机器学习分析。训练了两个梯度增强的决策树模型，以从数据中学习，并进行了基于游戏理论的模型可解释性研究，以了解分类功率的起源。通过从数据中学习，该分析识别重建参数之间的相关性，以进一步增强背景拒绝性能。通过从机器中学习，该分析揭示了新的背景类别对相互利用的标准Majorana分析的重要性。该模型与下一代锗探测器实验（如传说）高度兼容，因为它可以同时在大量探测器上进行训练。
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While the capabilities of autonomous systems have been steadily improving in recent years, these systems still struggle to rapidly explore previously unknown environments without the aid of GPS-assisted navigation. The DARPA Subterranean (SubT) Challenge aimed to fast track the development of autonomous exploration systems by evaluating their performance in real-world underground search-and-rescue scenarios. Subterranean environments present a plethora of challenges for robotic systems, such as limited communications, complex topology, visually-degraded sensing, and harsh terrain. The presented solution enables long-term autonomy with minimal human supervision by combining a powerful and independent single-agent autonomy stack, with higher level mission management operating over a flexible mesh network. The autonomy suite deployed on quadruped and wheeled robots was fully independent, freeing the human supervision to loosely supervise the mission and make high-impact strategic decisions. We also discuss lessons learned from fielding our system at the SubT Final Event, relating to vehicle versatility, system adaptability, and re-configurable communications.
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Attention mechanisms form a core component of several successful deep learning architectures, and are based on one key idea: ''The output depends only on a small (but unknown) segment of the input.'' In several practical applications like image captioning and language translation, this is mostly true. In trained models with an attention mechanism, the outputs of an intermediate module that encodes the segment of input responsible for the output is often used as a way to peek into the `reasoning` of the network. We make such a notion more precise for a variant of the classification problem that we term selective dependence classification (SDC) when used with attention model architectures. Under such a setting, we demonstrate various error modes where an attention model can be accurate but fail to be interpretable, and show that such models do occur as a result of training. We illustrate various situations that can accentuate and mitigate this behaviour. Finally, we use our objective definition of interpretability for SDC tasks to evaluate a few attention model learning algorithms designed to encourage sparsity and demonstrate that these algorithms help improve interpretability.
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Recent advances in deep learning have enabled us to address the curse of dimensionality (COD) by solving problems in higher dimensions. A subset of such approaches of addressing the COD has led us to solving high-dimensional PDEs. This has resulted in opening doors to solving a variety of real-world problems ranging from mathematical finance to stochastic control for industrial applications. Although feasible, these deep learning methods are still constrained by training time and memory. Tackling these shortcomings, Tensor Neural Networks (TNN) demonstrate that they can provide significant parameter savings while attaining the same accuracy as compared to the classical Dense Neural Network (DNN). In addition, we also show how TNN can be trained faster than DNN for the same accuracy. Besides TNN, we also introduce Tensor Network Initializer (TNN Init), a weight initialization scheme that leads to faster convergence with smaller variance for an equivalent parameter count as compared to a DNN. We benchmark TNN and TNN Init by applying them to solve the parabolic PDE associated with the Heston model, which is widely used in financial pricing theory.
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Artificial neural networks can learn complex, salient data features to achieve a given task. On the opposite end of the spectrum, mathematically grounded methods such as topological data analysis allow users to design analysis pipelines fully aware of data constraints and symmetries. We introduce a class of persistence-based neural network layers. Persistence-based layers allow the users to easily inject knowledge about symmetries (equivariance) respected by the data, are equipped with learnable weights, and can be composed with state-of-the-art neural architectures.
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KL-regularized reinforcement learning from expert demonstrations has proved successful in improving the sample efficiency of deep reinforcement learning algorithms, allowing them to be applied to challenging physical real-world tasks. However, we show that KL-regularized reinforcement learning with behavioral reference policies derived from expert demonstrations can suffer from pathological training dynamics that can lead to slow, unstable, and suboptimal online learning. We show empirically that the pathology occurs for commonly chosen behavioral policy classes and demonstrate its impact on sample efficiency and online policy performance. Finally, we show that the pathology can be remedied by non-parametric behavioral reference policies and that this allows KL-regularized reinforcement learning to significantly outperform state-of-the-art approaches on a variety of challenging locomotion and dexterous hand manipulation tasks.
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Three main points: 1. Data Science (DS) will be increasingly important to heliophysics; 2. Methods of heliophysics science discovery will continually evolve, requiring the use of learning technologies [e.g., machine learning (ML)] that are applied rigorously and that are capable of supporting discovery; and 3. To grow with the pace of data, technology, and workforce changes, heliophysics requires a new approach to the representation of knowledge.
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In the Earth's magnetosphere, there are fewer than a dozen dedicated probes beyond low-Earth orbit making in-situ observations at any given time. As a result, we poorly understand its global structure and evolution, the mechanisms of its main activity processes, magnetic storms, and substorms. New Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods, including machine learning, data mining, and data assimilation, as well as new AI-enabled missions will need to be developed to meet this Sparse Data challenge.
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